The world appears three-dimensional (3D) even though the depth dimension is lost with projection to the retina. The visual system uses different cues that carry information about the 3D aspects of the world, combining the information they convey. …
In three experiments we investigated whether the perception of 3D structure from the optic-flow involves a process of spatial integration. The observer's task was to judge the 3D orientation of local velocity field patches. In two conditions, the …
Temporal integration was investigated in the minimal conditions necessary to perform a structure-from-motion (SFM) task. Observers were asked to discriminate three-dimensional (3D) surface orientations in conditions in which the stimulus displays …
Observers' perceptions of the three-dimensional structure of smoothly curved surfaces defined by patterns of image shading were investigated under varying conditions of illumination. In five experiments, observers judged the global orientation and …